Articles Category: History - article-tree.com

Search:

Title\|Newest\|Oldest
Islam, Image Of In Western Countries By : Dr. D.S. Merchant "Islam originated from monotheism, it conceived idolatry as its real enemy and acted with the purpose of subduing it first in the Arabian Peninsula. The Muslims marched northward into Syria, defeated the army of Heraclius at Yarmuk, and captured Jerusalem and Damascus. They went eastward into Iraq, defeated the Iranian at Seleucia. They further went westward and occupied Egypt away from the Byzantine empire. "In all this expansion" writes T.C. Young in Near Eastern Culture and Society (New Jersey, 1951, p. 100), "there was no forcible conversion of Jews or Christians to the Muslim religion. There was freedom for the people of the book to continue in their own beliefs and practices." The Real Aula Mallorquesa By : Jan77 Jan77 The Real Aula Mallorquesa, also called the the Escuela Miramar, was founded in 1276 by James I King of Majorca with the approval of H.H. Pope John XXII and reconstituted by H.R.H. don Francesco Mario Paternò Castello e Guttadauro as Head of the Royal House of Aragon Majorca and Sicily, also Grand Master of the Militare Ordine del Collare (Military Order of the Collar, MOC). It is an institution for higher studies which aims to bring together the various disciplines of Aragonese History, of Historical Studies related to it, and in general the pursuit of Traditional Studies and such as may be followed in the fields of Letters, Arts and Sciences; moreover it aims to publish academic papers and to support by all possible means the development and the deepening of the aforementioned studies. The Real Aula Mallorquesa is an international, cultural institution, independent, non-denominational and non-profit making as defined in Article 26 et seqq. of the Italian Civil Code. Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität in Zahlen By : Sharon Gerad 33.000 Studierenden, 600 Professorinnen, 16 Fachbereiche, 170 Studiengänge. Dies sind die stolzen Zahlen, die die Frankfurter Universität beschreiben. Doch was sich wirklich hinter der Universität verbirgt, kann man nur durch seine Geschichte erlernen und begreifen. Evian Conference By : Dr. D.S. Merchant Imam Sultan Muhammad Shah had called a Conference in Evian, France known as the Evian Conference between July 4, 1952 and July 8, 1952 to discuss various economic and social problems confronting the African Ismailis and also to make necessary amendments in the Constitution of the African Councils. It was attended by 40 members including the President and the Secretary of the Supreme Council, the Presidents of the Provincial Councils and of the Ismailia Association, educational administrators, the managing director of the Jubilee Insurance Company, and three members of the East African Legislative Council. Provocative Silence By : Dr. D.S. Merchant Dark night with cold breeze was there, which is usually a concern for the residents of hilly station Abbottabad. The emotions and feelings of residents are directly proportional to the climatic changes. In fact it is true through out the year. People care very much about the weather and its fluctuations here, sunny day in winter season is usually welcomed and windy nights are sensational. Pakistan’s Youth By : Dr. D.S. Merchant Evening has just set in. People were preparing to sum up their daily routine and preparing to set off for their homes. But in biggest institution of Abbottabad, there was different situation building up. Every body in Ayub Medical Complex was rushing towards the emergency of hospital. One of the teachers of Ayub Medical College was shot. With going in detail of conflict, it is important to know that an unrest start developing among students. All students passed through the chain of events of sorrow, irritation and revenge. They lost their temper, burst into sequential of violence. And finally, not only the citizen of hazara but the whole segments of Pakistan including civil society, politician, media and different forms of establishment witnessed and experienced the bitterness of student reaction. Most of us still remember the sequence of scenes portrayed and displayed and have an unpleasant taste in our minds. Druzes By : Dr. D.S. Merchant "In 407/1016, an Iranian da'i, named Muhammad bin Ismail Nashtakin ad-Darazi came in Egypt, who professed the transmigration of souls. He also preached the divinity of Imam al-Hakim. He came from Bukhara to Cairo in 408/1017. Finding no response, he moved to Wadi al-Taymun, at the foot of Mount Hermon in Lebanon and Jabal as-Summaq in Syria. He was first in the public eyes being the founder of the Druze sect. In 410/1019, the Turks soldiers of the Fatimids gathered and moved towards the houses of ad-Darazi and his followers and surrounded them. Ad-Darazi and those with him fortified themselves in a house, fighting the besiegers from the roof and the wall. The besiegers ravaged the house and killed about forty people with az-Darazi. About the same time, another Iranian from Farghana, named Hasan al-Akhram also appeared as using his influence to propagate the deity of Imam al-Hakim, and found a Druze sect about in 409/1018. He was also killed in his house just eight days following his declaration. The Boss Endorses Barack Obama By : Roberto Bell Folk rock legend Bruce Springsteen endorses Democratic presidential hopeful Barack Obama. The musician recently posted a letter on his official website that stated his support for the Illinois Senator. Dawr-I Satr By : Dr. D.S. Merchant "The word satr (pl. satur) is derived from astar, meaning hide, cover or shield. As it is said, masatra (he concealed enmity), or tastir (to hold within a curtain). According to Arabic-English Lexicon (New York, 1872, 4:1304) by Edward William Lane, the word satr means to veil, conceal or hide a thing. The Ismailis had employed the term dawr-i satr (period of concealment) with regards to those periods in their history when the Imams were hidden from the eyes of their followers when the animosity of their enemies reached to its extreme. On that critical moment, the hujjats represented the Imams in the community. The hujjat was a living proof, acting as the custodian until the time of the Imam's reappearance. In contrast, the period following the concealment is known as dawr-i kashf (unveiling period) or the dawr-i zuhur (period of manifestation), when the Imams publicly made their appearance. Ayat Al-Ulul Amr By : Dr. D.S. Merchant "The Koran (4:59) says: "O you who believe, obey God, and obey the Messenger and those of you who holds authority (ulul amr)" Some tend to interpret ulul amr as the rulers. This interpretation is irrational as it is solely based on the twists of history. The majority of the Muslims have remained as a vassal of the monarchs and rulers, interpreting and reinterpreting Islam and the Koran to strengthen their own kingdom. The history of Muslims is replete with the names of rulers whose injustice, debauchery and tyranny have tarnished the name of Islam. If God were to order us to obey such kings and rulers, an impossible situation would be created for Muslims. The wretched followers would be condemned to the displeasure of God, no matter what they do. If they obey these rulers, they have disobeyed the Command of God: "Do not obey a sinner" (76:24). And if they disobey such rulers, they have again disobeyed the Command of God: "Obey the Muslim rulers" (if it would mean so). Therefore if we accept this interpretation, Muslims are condemned to eternal disgrace whether they obey or disobey their fallible (sinful) rulers. Also, there are Muslim rulers of different schools and persuasions. There are Shafi'is, Hanbalis, Malikis, Hanafis, as well as the Shi'ites and Ibadis. Now, according to this interpretation the Sunnis residing under an Ibadi king (like in Jordan) should follow Ibadi tenets; and those residing under a Shi'ites ruler (like in Iran) should follow the Shi'ites beliefs. Do these people have the conviction of courage to follow their professed interpretation to its logical end? History of the Air Jordan Sneakers By : IC Nike is a worldwide recognized sneaker brand, the most popular line of Nike sneakers is called to Air Jordan. Learn more about this particular brand of basketball sneakers History Of Freshwater Cultured Pearls By : Roberto Bell The article summarizes how freshwater cultured pearls began, their history and current situation. Battle of Ditch By : Dr. D.S. Merchant The enemies of the Muslims created a united front after the battle of Badr and Uhud. This culminated in a solemn pact of alliance among the five principal tribes. When the news of this tremendous mobilization reached the Muslims in Medina, it struck them all with panic. It was Monday, the 1st Shawal, 5/February 24, 627 when a gigantic army under the command of Abu Sufian besieged Medina. The number of this invading force is variously estimated at something between ten and twenty-four thousands, the largest single army ever mustered on Arabian soil. Chand Bibi By : Dr. D.S. Merchant Lack of material does not enable to give a detailed account of the Ismaili influence after the death of Shah Tahir Hussain Dakkani on 956/1549 in Ahmadnagar, India. We do not have explicit details, whether his descendants continued the Ismaili mission in the cloak of Shi'ism or not. There are however certain strong indications that a lady ruler, named Chand Bibi was secretly an Ismaili, but her faith is shrouded in her political activities. Baiyat By : Dr. D.S. Merchant The word baiyat, occurring 14 times in the Koran is derived from ba'ya meaning sale and purchase, bargain or transaction. In Arabic the word yabi'u means to sell, ba'a means he sold, al-bai'u means sale and al-baya means sale and purchase. In Islamic terminology, the term baya refers to an agreement or undertaking between the master and his followers. Other synonymous expressions appearing in the Koran are al-ahd (13:19-20) and al-mithaq (33:7, 5:14). Thus, baya or baiyat means an agreement or spiritual undertaking between the Lord and his followers. When one swears an oath of allegiance (baiyat), he gets guarantee from his Lord. Battle of Badr By : Dr. D.S. Merchant "The first battle fought between the Muslims and the Meccans about 80 miles from Medina was that of Badr, lying on the Arabian Peninsula near the Read Sea coast. The date given for the battle is 17th, 19th or 21st Ramzan, 2 A.H./March 13, 15 or 17, 624 A.D. Badr is mentioned explicitly once in the Koran (3:123), but there are allusions to it in at least 32 other verses. The Prophet had hardly breathed a sigh of relief in Medina when he was confronted with the series of military expeditions against the fronts of the heathen Meccans. Attack was apprehended every moment from without and treachery from within. Small detachments of the Qoraish of Mecca used to go out on marauding expeditions and scour the country right up to the outskirts of Medina. Once, one such party lifted camels from the very pastures of the town. Ayat Al-Mawaddat Al-Qurba By : Dr. D.S. Merchant According to the Koran: "God chose Adam and Noah and the family of Abraham and the family of Imran above all (His) creatures. Offspring, one from the other"(3:33-34). The word dhurriya means direct descendants, family or lineage. It occurs 32 times in the Koran in the context of the prophets, indicating that their mission was assigned to their direct descendants to carry on. Longmont Colorado By : Roberto Bell Longmont, Colorado is the 13th largest city in Colorado. It is located 31 miles northwest of Denver. The name comes from Longs Peak, which is a mountain located in Colorado and mont from the French word meaning mountain. Ayat Al-Dhurriya By : Dr. D.S. Merchant According to the Koran: "God chose Adam and Noah and the family of Abraham and the family of Imran above all (His) creatures. Offspring, one from the other"(3:33-34). The word dhurriya means direct descendants, family or lineage. It occurs 32 times in the Koran in the context of the prophets, indicating that their mission was assigned to their direct descendants to carry on. The Gun Mystique By : jeams188 A law in the state of Florida, United States, has permitted gun owners to walk in public with a gun strapped to their waist or concealed on their person. Arab By : Dr. D.S. Merchant The word arab or arabah is probably derived from a Semitic root related to nomadism. In the Arabic language, the word arab (derived from i'rab), means those who speak clearly as contrast with ajam (those who speak indistinctly). In Koran, the word arab has never used for the country of Arabia, but characterized the residence of Ismael, the son of Abraham as an "uncultivated land." In the time of Ismael his place of residence had no name, therefore, it was given the name of an "uncultivated land." In the Old Testament, the word midbar is used for Ismael's home, meaning a desert or a barren land, which closely corresponds to the Koranic description. Ahl Al-Kitab By : Dr. D.S. Merchant "The word ahl means those who occupy with one the same tent, the family or inmates, relative, folk, kin, kinfolk, family, people, members, followers, etc. Under these meanings, the word ahl occurs 31 times in the Koran. According to another view, it is derived from ahala, meaning to demonstrate (the family). The word kitab, comes from the root word kataba, meaning to write down. The word kitaba occurs in the Koran for the Divine Books revealed to various prophets. Thus, the term ahl al-kitab means the possessors of the scriptures or the people of the Book. This term in Koran denotes the Jews and Christians, the repositories of the earlier books, al-Tawrat (the Torah), al-Zabur (the Psalms), and al-Injil (the Gospel). Sicily Hotels - Great Places to Visit By : IC Learn more about Sicily, a beautiful Mediterranean island which has a lot to offer. Get more details about it's foods, the local weather and places tourists must visit. History of Perfume & Fragrance By : Roberto Sedycias This is about a brief history of perfumes and fragrances, going back as far as ancient Egypt and perfume trades among old civilizations, up to France's influence in today's perfume standard of excellence. The History of Wigs By : webmaster In the Wiginning Wigs can be dated back to the 4th century B.C. being a part of the Egyptian culture. Egyptians would shave their heads to protect themselves from vermin, but the hot sun lead their sensitive heads susceptible. The use of wigs was incorporated into the social structure so as to show status. The more elaborate and involved the wig was, the higher the rank or those who wore them. Palm and wool fibers, animal hair, and metals such as gold and silver were used in composition. History of Traditional Chinese Medicine By : Alien China is a country thousands of years old. The history of traditional Chinese medicine is equally as old and steeped in effective pragmatism. The History of the Rosedale Neighbourhood in Toronto By : Rob Parker Learn about the history of the Rosedale neighbourhood in Toronto and how it became the wealthiest neighbourhood. Murano glass light fixtures By : -ddd- history of Murano glass from medieval times to nowadays. The use of Murano glass is very popular in lighting fixtures manufacturing, as well as in home decoration, fashion and jewelry business. Religion-The Cause Of All Wars By : Dr. Charles Sabillon History shows that religions are intrinsically violent and ineluctably push nations into war. History of Gold By : Barney Garcia Gold is a precious metal that can be found on the periodic table under the Au symbol, which is Latin for Aurum. It is a supple, glossy, yellow, solid, malleable, and spongy metal. A Short History of Flight By : Barney Garcia People have dreamed of flying since ancient times. About six thousand years ago drawings on tombs in Egypt showed gods that could fly. Leonardo da Vinci, who lived five hundred years ago, was very interested in flight and believed the way to do it was to flap wings as birds do. The History Of The German Nutcracker By : Tony Hartmann The real story and the real facts which explain where the german nutcracker of the Ore Mountains comes from and why he has been created ... The History Behind Traditional Anniversay Gifts By : Charlie Welf Nobody can say with any amount of certainty when the tradition of giving anniversary gifts started. Most probably it evolved over time. Traditionally, each wedding anniversary is celebrated by giving a gift made from a different material The Amazing Cabanatuan POW Camp Rescue By : Adam Thompson On January 30, 1945, members of the U.S. Military special forces and Filipino guerrilla warriors pulled off the most stunning and successful prison camp bust in recorded history. These brave soldiers rescued over 500 POWs and dealt a heavy blow to the Japanese army left in the Philippines. If that weren't enough, they did it with only two casualties!

Click Here and Vote For Article-Tree as the best
at Best Directory
Top Site Lists

Sign Up for a free account or learn more.

Submit Articles
Member Login
Top Authors
Article Promotion Tips
Most Popular Articles
Ezine Notifications
Article RSS Feeds

My Friends

Other Excellent Article Directories

e-articles
Submit Article

STF-Web Designs
Web Design Article Directory | Free Article Submission | Publish Articles | One-way Links

Christian-Community-Chapel
Christian Music | Family Friendly Article Directory | Web Directory | Add your link

Link to Us
Contact Us
Terms of Service

Anti Spam

Article-Tree.Com - Free reprint aticles » Copyright © 2006
Terms of Service | Submission Guidelines | Contact Us | Privacy Policy | Add URL

Designed and maintained by STF-Web Designs - affordable web site design and maintenance